Biology 1
Chapter 7
A View of a Cell
CH 7 TERMS:
CELL COMPOUND
LIGHT MICROSCOPE CHLOROPLASTS
CELL THEORY ELECTRON MICROSCOPE CHLOROPHYLL
NUCLEOLUS CELL WALL FLAGELLA
CYTOPLASM CYTOSOL CYTOSKELETON
LYSOSOME GOLGI
APPARATUS
VACUOLE MITOCHONDRIA
Cell: The _______________ unit that
can carry out life functions.
The basic unit of organisms.
The organisms size depends upon the _______________ of cells
rather than the _______________ of the cell itself.
Unicellular:
Made up of _______________ cell (paramecium)
Multicellular:
Made up of _______________ or more cells (elephant)
1.
Robert Hooke- (1665) British scientist who observed the first ___________ cells.
(cork)
2.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek- (1675) Observed the first _______________
cells.
3.
Matthias Schleiden- (1838) German botanist who
discovered all plants are made of _______________.
4.
Theodore Schwann- (1839) German zoologist who
discovered all _______________ are made of cells.
5.
Rudolf Virchow- (1859) German biologist who concluded that cells can only come from
other _______________.
Cell Theory: 1. All _______________ things are
composed of cells
2. Cells come only from _______________ cells
3. Cells make up an organisms basic
_____________and function
1.
Nutrition - The taking in of food from
the _______________ or making food within the cell.
2.
Digestion - The _______________ down
of food into simpler forms in order for the organism to use them
3.
Absorption The taking in of water and
food, molecules, ions, and
other materials from the
_______________
4.
Biosynthesis The making of fats,
nucleic acids, proteins and carbohydrates for
_______________ and the making of enzymes
to control cell activity
5.
Respiration - The splitting of glucose
to release _______________ (ATP)
6.
Excretion The passing of
_______________ into the environment
7.
Secretion The synthesis and passing
of hormones and vitamins
from the cell to other _______________
8.
Response The _______________ of
cellular activities due to heat, light, pressure or
chemicals
9.
Reproduction
The dividing of cell mass to increase in _______________ or to
produce new _______________
Prokaryote 1. The _______________ organisms to evolve.
2.
Simple cells
4.
No membrane bound _______________
5.
Example: Bacteria
Eukaryote 1. Complex organisms
2. Evolved
_______________ prokaryotes
3. Unicellular & multicellular organisms
4. Have a cell membrane,
organelles, and _______________
Organelle 1. Also called _______________ organ
2. Structures in a cell that
carry on _______________ functions
CELLS VARY IN
1. size
2. surface
area
3. internal
organization
4. shape
A.
cuboidal
B.
spherical
C.
columnar
1. Nucleus- _______________ center of a cell
DNA
Nuclear
envelope-
(double membrane)
Nucleolus- (the site of _______________
synthesis)
Chromosomes- (these house
_______________)
Chromatin - DNA wound around a
_______________
2. Plasma Membrane- the boundary between a cell & its
_______________
Functions:
A.
gives shape
C.
control what enters and ________cell (semipermeable)
D.
maintains equillibrium
E.
contains lipid _______________
3 types of
lipid movement:
rotation
lateral
transverse cross (rare)
3. Cell Wall found mainly in
_______________, NEVER in _______________
A.
rigid, for strength and _______________
B.
thick
C.
made of _______________
D.
middle lamella- glue like jelly _______________ cells
1.
Cytoplasm space inside cell (like body
cavity)
Cytosol jelly like material that
fills cell
A.
suspends _______________
B.
constantly in motion (cytoplasmic _______________)
2.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) tube like folded
membrane
A.
connects plasma membrane to the nuclear _______________
B.
involved in assembly and transport of _______________
Two types of ER
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A.
does not have _______________
on it
B.
transports _______________
within the cell
C.
tunnel like passage
Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A.
has _______________ on it
B.
transports _______________
out of the cell
C.
tunnel like passage
3.
Ribosome Small round structures
responsible for ____________of proteins
Two
locations of ribosomes
A.
free floating within the cell (proteins made here to be used
_______________ the cell)
B.
on the _______________ ER (proteins made here to be used in
another cell)
4.
Golgi Apparatus Responsible for packaging
& shipping _______________ out of the cell
A. proteins move through layers in the _______________
B. Golgi
Apparatus receives them
C. Golgi Apparatus repackages them for shipment
out to another cell
D. Golgi Body is the transport sack of proteins
Invagination: process which makes the transport _______________ for the
protein shipment
5.
Lysosome A membrane sack that
contains digestive _______________
(about
40 different kinds)
Functions
A.
recycles wastes
B.
selects cells for ____________(webbed fingers & toes)
C.
digests excess or worn out _______________, food, invading viruses
& bacteria
6.
Vacuole Storage sack of fluids
surrounded by a membrane
A.
found in _______________
B.
stores food, enzymes, _______________, and water
C.
____________vacuole in plants takes up 90% of the cell space
1.
Mitochondria
1.
powerhouse of the cell (respiration center)
2.
has its own _______________
3.
found in large numbers in cells that use a lot of _______________
(muscles, liver)
4.
food is broken down here into _______________
5.
structure
A.
outer _______________ membrane
B.
inner highly _______________ membrane
CRISTAEFinger like projections where _____is
made
2.
Chloroplasts Found mainly in
_______________
A.
converts _______________ into energy
B.
different types commonly known as plastids (organelles which
contain _______________)
1)
chloroplast has a green pigment called
_______________ that converts sunlight
(radiant
enerty) to glucose (chemical energy)
2)
chromoplast has yellow, orange, & red pigments that trap
_______________
3)
leucoplast clear; no pigments; stores food
in the form of _____________,
protein and oil
3.
helps maintain cell _______________
A. Microtubules
1)
move _______________ within a cell
2)
form spindle fibers during _______________ to move chromosomes
3)
hollow
B.
Microfilaments: thin fibers for gross motor movements of the
cell
1)
found just under the cell
_______________
2)
help _______________ and support cell
3)
thread like
Basal Body The anchor for the cilia
and _______________
Construction 9+2 structure, gives added
strength
1.
Cilia Short _______________ like
projections of the plasma
membrane
A.
found on the _______________ of the cell
B.
numerous
C.
made of _______________
D.
move in a wave or beating motion
2.
Flagella Longer _______________
like projections of the plasma
membrane
A.
found on the _______________ of the cell
B.
one or two per cell
C.
made of _______________
D.
move in an undulating motion (whip like)
E.
flagella on bacteria rotate
ORGANIZATION LEVELS OF CELLS
Specialization the division of labor
among cells
4 Levels of Organization
1.
Cells The basic unit of
_______________
2.
Tissues A group of similar cells
that carry out a
_______________ function (skin, muscle)
3.
Organ Several types of tissue
that act together to
perform a specific _______________
4.
Organ System A group of _______________
that work together to
perform a set of tasks
5. Organism
all organ systems work together to have a properly functioning organism
Plant Tissue Systems
1.
Dermal Tissue System Outer layer
2.
Ground Tissue System Roots and stems
3.
Vascular Tissue System Water transport
Plant Organs
1. Roots
2. Stems
3. Leaves
Animal
Systems Animal
Organs
1.
1. 5.
2.
2. 6.
3.
3. 7.
4.
4. 8.