Biology II Chapter 10 objectives:

1.) Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.

2.) Distinguish between photosynthetic autotrophs and chemosynthetic autotrophs.

3.) Describe the location and structure of the chloroplast.

4.) Explain how chloroplast structure relates to its function.

5.) Write a summary equation for photosynthesis.

6.) Explain van Neil’s hypothesis and describe how it contributed to our current understanding of photosynthesis.

7.) Explain the role of REDOX reactions in photosynthesis.

8.) Describe the wavelike and particlelike behaviors of light.

9.) Describe the relationship between an action spectrum and an absorption spectrum.

10.) Explain why the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll differs from the action spectrum for photosynthesis.

11.) List the wavelenghts of light that are most effective for photosynthesis.

12.) Explain what happens when chlorophyll or accessory pigments absorb photons.

13.) List the components of a photsystem and explain their function.

14.) Trace electron flow through photosystems II and I.

15.) Compare cyclic and noncyclic electron flow and explain the relationship between these components of light reactions.

16.) Summarize the light reactions with an equation and describe where they occur.

17.) Describe important differences in chemiosmosis between oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photophosphorylation in chloroplasts.

18.) Summarize the carbon-fixing reactions of the Calvin cycle and describe changes that occur in the carbon skeleton of intermediates.

19.) Describe the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle.

20.) Describe what happens to rubisco when the O2 concentration is much higher than CO2.

21.) Describe the major consequences of photorespiration.

22.) Describe two important photosynthetic adaptations that minimize photorespiration.

23.) Describe the fate of photosynthetic products.