Biology II

Chapter 11 objectives

1. Define genome and state what major events must occur during cell division for the entire genome to be passed on to daughter cells.

2. Describe the process of binary fission in prokaryotes.

3. Describe the composition of chromosomes and explain how chromosomal structure changes in preparation for cell division.

4. Describe how chromosome number changes throughout the human life cycle.

5. List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occur during each phase.

6. Describe what major events occur during the G1, S and G 2 periods of interphase, and describe what charcterizes a G2 interphase cell.

7. Distinguish between interphase and mitosis proper.

8. List the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase.

9. Recognize the phases of mitosis of from diagrams of micrographs.

10. Draw or describe the spindle apparatus including centromes, nonkinetochore microtubules, kinetochore microtubules, asters and centrioles(in animals cells).

11. Describe what characteristic changes occur in the spindle apparatus during each phase of mitosis.

12. Explain the current models for poleward chromosomal movement and elongation of the cell’s polar axis.

13. Compare cytokinesis in animals and plants.

14. List several factors, identified from cell tissue- culture studies, which stimulate or inhibit cell growth.

15. Describe what point in the cell cycle determines whether a cell will divide and explain the role of volume-to-genome ratio.

16. Explain how MPF induces the changes that occur in mitosis and describe what causes the cyclical change in MPF concentration.

17. Explain how abnormal cell division of cancerous cells differs from normal cell division.