BIOLOGY II

CHAPTER 12 OBJECTIVES

1. Explain why organisms only reproduce their own kind, and why offspring more closely resemble their own parents that unrelated individuals of the same species.

2. Explain what makes hereditary possible

3. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction

4. Diagram the human life cycle and indicate where in the human body that mitosis and meiosis occur; which cells are the result of meiosis and mitosis; and which cells are haploid

5. Distinguish among the life cycle patterns of animals, fungi and plants

6. Distinguish sporophyte from gametophyte, and explain how plant life cycles differ from those of animals and fungi

7. List the phases of meiosis I and meiosis II and describe the events characteristics of each phase

8. Recognize the phases of meiosis from diagrams or micrographs

9. Describe the process of synapsis during prophase I and explain how genetic recombination occurs

10. Describe key differences between mitosis and meiosis; explain how the end result of meiosis differs from that of mitosis

11. Compare the phases of meiosis I with mitosis and distinguish between the chromosomal arrangement during metaphase of both processes

12. Distinguish between mitotic interphase and meiotic interkinesis

13. Explain how independent assortment, crossing over and random fertilization contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms

14. Explain why inheritable variation was crucial to Darwin’s theory of evolution

15. List the sources of genetic variation