BIOLOGY 11

CHAPTER 25 OBJECTIVES

1. List unique characteristics that distinguish the archaebacteria from the

eubacteria.

2. Describe the three‑domain system of classification and explain

how it differs from previous systems.

3. Using a diagram or micrograph, distinguish among the three most

common shapes of prokaryotes.

4. Describe the structure and functions of prokaryotic cell walls.

5. Distinguish between the structure and staining properties of gram‑

positive and gram‑negative bacteria.

6. Explain why disease‑causing gram‑negative bacterial species are

generally more pathogenic than disease‑causing gram‑positive bacteria.

7. Describe three mechanisms motile bacteria use to move.

8. Explain how prokaryotic flagella work and why hey are not

considered to be homologous to eukaryotic flagella.

9. Indicate where photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in

prokaryotic cells.

1O.Explain how organization of the prokaryotic genome differs from that in

eukaryotic cells.

11. Explain, in your own words, what is meant by‑geometric grow

12.List the mechanisms that are sources of genetic variation

prokaryotes and indicate which one is the major source.

13. Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

14.Describe four modes of bacterial nutrition and give examples of

each.

15. Distinguish among obliga'te aerobes, faculiative anaerobes and

obligate anaerobes.

16.Describe, with supporting evidence, plausible scenarios for the

evolution of metabolic diversity including:

a. Nutrition of early prokaryotes ‑

b. Origin of electron transport chains.

c. Origin of photosynthesis

d. Origin of aerobic respiration

17.Explain how molecular systematics has been used in developing a

moneran classification.

18.List the three main groups of archaebacteria, describe

distinguishing features among the groups and give examples of

each.

19. List the major groups of eubacteria, describe their mode of

nutrition, some characteristic features and representative examples.

20.Explain how endospores ~re formed and why endospore‑forming

bacteria are important to the food‑canning industry‑

21.Explain how the presence of E. coli in public water supplies can be

used as an indicator of water quality.

22.State which organism is responsible for the most common sexually

transmitted disease in the United States.

23.Describe how mycoplasmas are unique from other prokaryotes.

24.Explain why all life on earth depends upon the metabolic diversity

of prokaryotes.

25‑Distinguish among mutua~lism, commensalism and parasitism.

26.List Koch's postulates that are used to substantiate a specific

pathogen as the cause of disease.

"27. Distinguish between exotoxins and endotoxins.

28.Describe how humans exploit the metabolic diversity of

prokaryotes for scientific and commercial purposes.

29.Describe how Streptomyces can be used commercially.