BIOLOGY II

Chapter 2 Objectives

 

 

1.)              Define element and compound.

 

2.)              State four elements essential to life that make up 96%of living matter.

 

3.)              Describe the structure of an atom.

 

 

4.)              Define and distinguish among atomic number, mass number, atomic weight and valence.

 

5.)              Given the atomic number and mass number of an atom, determine the number of neutrons.

 

 

6.)              Explain why radioisotopes are important  to biologists.

 

7.)              Explain how electron configuration influences the chemical behavior of an atom.

 

 

8.)              Explain the octet rule and predict how many bonds an atom might form.

 

9.)              Explain why the noble gases are so unreactive.

 

 

10.)          Define electronegativity and explain how it influences the formation of chemical bonds.

 

11.)          Distinguish among nonpolar covalent, polar covalent and ionic bonds.

 

 

12.)          Describe the formation of a hydrogen bond and explain how it differs from a covalent or ionic bond.

 

13.)          Explain why weak bonds are important to living organisms.

 

 

14.)          Describe how the relative concentrations of reactants and products affect a chemical reaction.

 

15.)         Describe the chemical conditions on early Earth and explain how they were different from today.