OBJECTIVES CHAPTER 34
1. Outline the angiosperm life cycle.
2. List the four
floral parts in their order from outside to inside of the flower.
3. From a diagram of an idealized flower,
correctly label the following structures and describe their function:
a. Sepals c.
Stamen: filament and anther
b. Petals d.
Carpel: style, ovary, ovule and stigma
4. Distinguish between complete and incomplete flowers.
5. Distinguish between a perfect and
imperfect flower.
6. Distinguish between monoecious and
dioecious.
7. Explain by which generation, structure and
process spores are produced.
8. Explain by which generation, structures
and process gametes are produced.
9. Explain why it is technically incorrect to
refer to stamens and carpels as male and female sex organs.
10. Describe the formation of a pollen grain in
angiosperms.
11. With reference to the developing pollen
grain, distinguish among generative nucleus, tube nucleus and sperm nucleus.
12. Describe the development of an embryo sac
and explain what happens to each of its cells.
13. Distinguish between pollination and
fertilization.
14. Describe how pollen can be transferred
between flowers.
15. Describe mechanisms that prevent
self-pollination and explain how this contributes to genetic variation.
16. Outline the process of double fertilization
and describe the function of endosperm.
17. Describe the development of a plant embryo
from the first mitotic division to an embryonic plant with rudimentary organs.
18. From a diagram, identify the following
structures of a seed and recall a function for each:
a. Seed coat d.
Radicle g.
Endosperm
b. Embryo e. Epicotyl h.
Cotyledons
c. Hypocotyl f. Plumule i. Shoot apex
19. Explain how a monocot and dicot seed differ.
20. Describe several functions of fruit and explain how fruits form.
21. Distinguish
among simple, aggregate and multiple fruits and give examples of each.
22. Explain
how seed dormancy can be advantageous to a plant and describe some conditions
for breaking dormancy.
23. Using
a cereal as an example, explain how a seed mobilizes its food reserves and
describe the function of aleurone, a-amylase and gibberellic acid.
24. Describe
variations in the process of germination including the fate of the radicle,
shoot tip, hypocotyl, epicotyl and cotyledons.
25. Distinguish
between sexual reproduction and vegetative reproduction.
26. Describe
natural mechanisms of vegetative reproduction in plants including fragmentation
and apomtxes.
27. Describe
various methods horticulturists use to vegetatively propagate plants from
cuttings.
28. Explain
how the technique of plant tissue culture can be used to clone and genetically
engineer plants.
29. Describe
the process of protoplast fusion and its potential agricultural impact.
30. Define
monoculture and list its benefits and risks.
31. Compare sexual and asexual reproduction in plants and explain
their adaptive roles in plant populations.