Biology II
1. Distinguish between osmoregulators and
osmoconformers.
2. Discuss the problems that marine,
freshwater and terrestrial organisms face in maintaining homeostasis and
explain what osmoregulatory adaptations serve as solutions to these
problems.
3. Explain the role of transport epithelia
in osmoregulation.
4. Describe how a flame0bulb
(protonephridial) excretory system functions.
5. Explain how the metanephridial
excretory tubule of annelids functions, and describe any structural advances
over a protonephridial system.
6. Explain how the Malpighian tubule
excretory system contributed to the success of insects in the terrestrial
environment.
7. Using a diagram, identify and give the
function of each structure in the mammalian excretory system.
8. Using a diagram, identify and give the
function of each part of the nephron.
9. Describe and show the relationship
among the processes of filtration, scretion and reabsorption.
10.
Explain the significance of the fact that
juxtamedullary nephrons are only found in birds and mammals.
11.
Explain how the loop Henle enhances water
conservation by the kidney.
12.
Describe the mechanisms involved in the
hormonal regulation of the kidney.
13.
Describe the structural and physiological
adaptations in the kidneys of non-mammalian species, which allow them to
osmoregulate in different environments.
14.
Explain the correlation between the type of
nitrogenous waste produced (ammonia, urea, or uric acid) by an organism and its
habitat.
15.
Describe the adaptive advantages of
endothermy.
16.
Discuss the four general categories of
physiological and behavioral adjustments used by land mammals to maintain
relatively constant body temperatures.
17.
Distinguish between the two thermoregulatory
centers of the hypothalamus.
18.
Describe the thermoregulatory adaptations
found in animals other than terrestrial mammals.
19.
Describe several mechanisms for physiological
acclimation to new temperature ranges.
20.
Distinguish between hibernation and
aestivation.