1. Compare the response times of the two
major systems of internal communication: the nervous system and the endocrine
system.
2. On the basis of structure and function,
distinguish among types of chemical messengers.
3. Distinguish between endocrine and
exocrine.
4. Describe the relationships among
endocrine system components: hormones, endocrine glands, target cells and
target cell receptors.
5. List the three general classes of
hormones and give examples of each.
6. Explain how pheromone function differs
from hormone function
7. Provide indirect evidence that humans
may communicate with pheromones.
8. State which of the two classes of
hormones is lipid soluble and explain how this property affects hormone
function.
9. Describe the mechanism of steroid
hormone action and explain the location and role of steroid hormone function.
10.
Using epinephrine as
an example, explain how nonsteroid hormones act via second messengers,
including the roles of adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP, G proteins and
cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
11.
Explain how
adenylate cyclase activity is controlled.
12.
Using epinephrine as
an example, explain how an enzyme cascade amplifies response to a hormone.
13.
Explain how to
account for specificity in target cell response to hormonal signals.
14.
Outline the sequence
of events which occurs as inositol triphospohate mediates between a hormonal
signal and an increase in cytoplasmic calcium ions.
15.
Compare and contrast
the two general modes of hormone action.
16.
Describe hormonal
regulation of insect development including the roles of ecdysone, brain hormone
and juvenile hormone.
17.
Describe the
location of the pituitary and explain the functions of the posterior and
anterior lobes.
18.
Describe the
location of the hypothalamus and explain how its hormone-releasing cells differ
from both endocrine gland secretory cells and other neurons.
19.
List the posterior
pituitary hormones and describe their effects on target organs.
20.
Using antidiuretic
hormone as an example, explain how a hormone contributes to homeostasis and how
negative feedback can control hormone levels.
21.
Define tropic
hormone and describe the function of tropic hormones produced by the anterior
pituitary.
22.
Explain how the
anterior pituitary is controlled.
23.
List hormones of the
thyroid gland and explain their role in development and metabolism.
24.
Diagram the negative
feedback loop which regulates the secretion of thyroid hormones.
25.
State the location
of the parathyroid glands and describe hormonal control of calcium homeostasis.
26.
Distinguish between α
and β cells in the pancreas and explain how their antagonistic hormones
(insulin and glucagon) regulate carbohydrate metabolism.
27.
List hormones of the
adrenal medulla, describe their function and explain how their secretion is
controlled.
28.
List hormones of the
adrenal cortex, describe their function and explain how their secretion is
controlled.
29.
Describe both the
short term and long term endocrine responses to stress.
30.
Identify male and
female gonads and list the three categories of gonadal steroids.