Biology 2
Ch.45
Objectives
Sensory and
Motor Mechanisms
1.
Differentiate between
sensation and perception.
2.
Give the general function of
a receptor cell and explain the five processes involved in this function.
3.
Explain the difference
between exteroreceptors and interoreceptors.
4.
List and describe the energy
stimulus of the five types of receptors.
5.
Using a cross-sectional
diagram of human skin, identify the various receptors present and explain the
importance of having near-surface and deep-layer receptors for such stimuli as
pressure.
6.
Compare and contrast the
structure and processing of light in eye cups of Planarian, compound eyes of insect, and single lens eyes of
mollusks.
7.
Using a diagram of the
vertebrate eye, identify and give the function of each structure.
8.
Describe how the rod cells
and cone cells found in the vertebrate eye function.
9.
Explain how retinal signals
following a horizontal pathway can enhance visual integration.
10.
Using a diagram of the human
ear, identify and give the function of each structure.
11.
Explain how the mammalian
ear functions as a hearing organ.
12.
Explain how the mammalian
ear functions to maintain body balance and equilibrium.
13.
Compare the hearing and
equilibrium systems found in non-mammalian vertebrates.
14.
Describe the structure and
function of statocytsts.
15.
Explain how the
chemoreceptors involved with taste and smell function.
16.
List any advantages or
disadvantages associated with moving through:
a. An aquatic environment
b. A terrestrial environment
17.
Give the three functions of
a skeleton.
18.
Describe how hydrostatic
skeleton function and explain why they are not found in large, terrestrial
organisms.
19.
Explain how the structure of
the arthropod exoskeleton provided both strength and flexibility.
20.
Explain the adaptive
advantage of having different types of joints in different locations in the
vertebrate skeleton.
21.
Explain how the skeleton
combines with an antagonistic muscle arrangement to provide a mechanism for
movement.
22.
Using a diagram, identify
the basic components of skeletal muscle.
23.
Explain how muscles contract
according to the sliding filament model of contraction.
24.
Describe the processes
involved in excitation-contraction coupling.
25.
List and explain the two
mechanisms responsible for graded contraction of muscles.
26.
Explain the adaptive
advantage of possessing both slow and fast muscle fibers.
27.
Distinguish among skeletal
muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.