Biology 2
Ch.50
Objectives
Behavior
1.
Explain the difference
between innate and learned behaviors.
2.
Describe the evolutionary
basis for behavioral ecology.
3.
Explain the difference
ultimate and proximate causations of behavior.
4.
Describe a fixed-action pattern
and a sign stimulus.
5.
Explain the nature versus
nurture controversy.
6.
Explain the effect of
maturation on behavioral improvement.
7.
Define habituation.
8.
Discuss imprinting,
imprinting stimulus, and critical period.
9.
Define associative learning.
10.
Distinguish among classical
conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
11.
Describe two hypotheses for
the evolution of play behavior.
12.
Define insight learning.
13.
Discuss the ultimate bases
of learning.
14.
Explain how exogenous and
endogenous cues may influence behavioral rhythms.
15.
Describe and define kinesis,
taxis, and migration.
16.
Explain the differences
among piloting, orientation, and navigation.
17.
Compare generalist and
specialist foraging strategies.
18.
Explain how a search image
is adaptive.
19.
Describe optimal foraging
strategies in terms of energetics and prey densities.
20.
Describe agonistic behavior.
21.
Explain what is meant by a
ritual behavior and describe the evolutionary advantage of ritual behavior.
22.
Describe a dominance
hierarchy and explain the advantages to individuals in the hierarchy.
23.
Explain how dominance
hierarchies and territories may stabilize population densities.
24.
Describe the advantages of
courtship.
25.
Explain how ritualized
courtship my have evolved.
26.
Define parental investments.
27.
Discuss the ultimate bases
for mate selection.
28.
Compare and contrast the
three main mating systems.
29.
Describe the differences
between polygyny and polyandry.
30.
Discuss how the needs of the
young influences the development of mating systems.
31.
Describe how the certainty
of paternity influences the development of mating systems.
32.
Describe the various modes
of communication.
33.
Relate an animal’s mode of
communication with its lifestyle.
34.
Discuss why altruistic
behavior might evolve.
35.
Define inclusive fitness and
kin selection.
36.
Define reciprocal altruism.
37.
Define cognition.
38.
Describe the premises of
sociobiology.